ESSAYS -
LIST OF AVAILABLE ESSAYS ...
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Medicare PPS And The Balanced Budget Act Of 1997
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This 45 page paper explores the Balanced Budget Act of 1997, the prospective payment system instituted, and the effect on Medicare beneficiaries. Specifically, the writer offers a proposal for a study focusing on the increased costs for seniors as a result of the BBA and the PPS. An extensive literature review explains the changes in Medicare benefits as a result of the BBA, including the Medicare+Choice option now given to seniors. The PPS has had a dramatic impact on nursing homes and skilled nursing facilities. The caps placed on rehab services and the changes in federal Medicaid benefits have all combined to result in a greater proportion of out-of-pocket expenses for the Medicare beneficiary. Bibliography lists 22 sources.
Filename: PGmedcar.rtf

Medicare PPS Legislative Environment
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A 5 page paper discussing some of the legislative issues regarding the prospective payment system (PPS) Medicare reform system. Few legislators disagree that "something" must be done with Medicare. One attempt at reform has been implementation of PPS designed to replace the fee-for-service approach to payment under Medicare coverage. PPS addresses cost containment, though it is lacking in prescription assistance. It also raises questions regarding patients' rights to continued coverage. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: KSmedicarePPS.rtf

Medicare PPS Regulations and Regulatory Agencies
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A 5 page paper discussing Medicare’s attempts to find and halt abuses. The regulatory environment is such that many facilities employ workers for the sole purpose of reporting and filing claims, decreasing the facility’s ability to operate efficiently. The Health and Human Services Department instituted Operation Restore Trust in 1995, and the program has evolved into one that saves far more than it costs. Care providers can benefit from increased regulation and accountability in that they are forced to adopt sound business practices. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: KSmediRegulat.rtf

Medicare, From Entitlement To Autonomy
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A 10 page exploration of the Medicare issue and future costs from the viewpoint of national means testing—for planning purposes, program reform based on programs already used by individuals and businesses, and a discussion of how these same reforms could be applied to the (reduced numbers of ) future uninsured. Bibliography lists 11 sources.
Filename: Mediau.wps

Medicare: What We Can Learn From the Past
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A 10 page overview of the history behind Medicare. The author asserts that to find a solution to Medicare's current problems we must examine both the similarities and differences between the era in which Medicare was initiated and today's environment. We must be cognizant of just who the current stakeholder is and constantly remind ourselves of how important they are. To fully assess Medicare and the potential impact its fall would have it is prudent to obtain input from these stakeholders, evaluate that input, and initiate measures which have the most likelihood of stabilizing the top heavy system and halting its rapid spiral to the bottom. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: PPmedic2.rtf

Medication & Illness / Essential Contributors to Mental Impairment in Elderly?
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A 10 page paper discussing the intellect and cognitive abilities in the elderly illustrating that the main contributors to mental impairment can be directly traced to illness and prescribed medications. Other possibilities are also discussed within the literature review, such as the relationship surgery has to mental impairment. A large portion of the literature review discusses a study performed by Starr et al., which indicates the normal decline of mental impairment in healthy senior citizens 70 years of age and older. This is provided to better illustrate what normal cognitive loss may entail, thereby leaving room to better explain what the additional mental impairment can be attributed to. Findings illustrate that medication and illness rarely have any significant effect on mental impairment. Bibliography lists 12 sources.
Filename: Eldermed.wps

Meeting the Demands of the 21st Century
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15 pages. This paper is a detailed examination of the reason we must have such laws in place as the United Nations Charter. As this paper will show, the U. N. Charter as well as other international laws have served the United States extremely well in the past. Though they might not be perfect and might not always be pertinent to the case at hand, it is very appropriate that the U. N. Charter be relied upon as the best that we have in these troubled times. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: JGAunch.rtf

Member State Liability: Subsequent Jurisprudence and Francovich and Factortame
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An 8 page examination of member state liability in the European Community. This paper examines case law and how it regards liability. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PPeuLiab.rtf

Memorandum to Hillary Clinton
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This 9 page paper is based on the supposition that Hillary is indeed making a white house run and wants to focus on religion as an issue. Policy proposals are created and a sample speech is provided. The Locke v. Davey case is a focus of discussion. No bibliography.
Filename: SA350LvD.rtf

Mental Health Parity Legislation and Debate
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A 15 page paper discussing the 2001 Mental Health Equitable Treatment Act and possible ways of effecting social change in favor of adopting the act's requirements for parity in health insurance payment for both mental and physical healthcare. The most liberal among us would cling to the view that all should be served despite cost, but the moderate liberals of today realize that cost issues do exist, that no faction has unlimited financial resources and so must make choices. Conservatives tend to look at what can be done with the funds available, considering cost issues first. An astute cost-benefit analysis should be able to lessen the fears of conservatives while bringing the most liberal to a point of fiscal reality. When that occurs, then each side should be freer to indulge in creativity in formulating other and valuable options that as yet have not been voiced. Bibliography lists 12 sources.
Filename: KSmenHlthPar.rtf