ESSAYS -
LIST OF AVAILABLE ESSAYS ...
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Why Nietzsche is wrong about Christianity
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This 5 page paper looks at the philosopher's ideas about religion, and partially why he did not support Christianity. Nietzsche's ideas about God in general are discussed. All Nietzsche's arguments are refuted and Christianity is supported as more logical. Nietzsche's Twilight of the Idols is used. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: SA209Ntz.rtf

Why Voltaire Uses The Genre Of The Satiric Philosophical Tale As A Propaganda Tool In "Candide"
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5 pages in length. Satire is one of the most effective literary tools when trying to make a point that opposes what is being satirized. Looking at Voltaire's Candide, one can readily identify the overwhelming presence of satire in virtually every context of the story; taking into consideration his attacks on religion, optimism, war and nobility – just to name a few – it is no wonder why Voltaire chose a satirical philosophical tale as a propaganda tool in Candide. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: TLCVoltCan.rtf

Will the Sun Rise Tomorrow?
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This 4 page paper examines this question according to philosopher David Hume's ideas. Issues related to knowledge are discussed. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: SA613Hum.rtf

Willard V. Quine’s “Indeterminacy of Translation” Theory
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This is a 15 page paper discussing Quine’s theory of indeterminacy of translation. Willard V. Quine was a mathematician and philosopher who lived from 1908-2000. During the last half of the 20th century, Quine developed several theories, one of which was the theory of indeterminacy of translation, which challenged some of the former assumptions used in the fields of psychology, linguists and anthropology. Quine asserted that accurate translations between languages could not be made for a number of reasons. Firstly, linguists could not get basic terms of references, or starting elements, because from a holistic perspective, sentences are the basic form of meaning and all sentences are semantically linked by the native speaker. Secondly, “meaning” could not be considered as an absolute element. In addition to some of these basic changes in the construct of translations, Quine also discussed the idea that not only were correct translations into English not possible but also two translation manuals given the same observational stimuli could also not be interchangeable because of the assumptions and the linguist’s imposition of his own beliefs and patterns onto the native language. Obviously, Quine’s theories were criticized as linguists made the case that several translations were considered successful because smooth negotiation and conversation could take place between native speakers and foreign speakers. However Quine’s dissection of the linguist’s process into one of a mathematical and scientific process is considered one of the most significant within the last fifty years in linguistic philosophy. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: TJQuine1.rtf

William James and Charles Pierce: Comparison and Contrast
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A 5 page paper which compares and contrasts the phenomenologies of William James and Charles Peirce. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: RAjmsprc.wps

William James/Pragmatism
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A 3 page essay that outlines and discusses the philosophical outlook of pragmatist William James. The writer relates James' ideas to empiricism and explains what James meant by the "cash-value" of truth. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: khwjprag.rtf

William James: His Approach to Human Nature
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6 pages. William James, (1842-1910), an American psychologist and philosopher, is most well known for his work with Harvard University. It was there that he graduated in medicine. He later taught physiology, philosophy and psychology. William James was at times misunderstood in his philosophies about human nature and truth in general, especially within the subject of religion. Bibliography list 4 sources.
Filename: JGAwmjms.wps

Williams James / Philosophical Contributions
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An 11 page paper on William James, the American philosopher-- his life & works. The writer explores philosophies presentedi n several of James' works including : "Will to Believe and "Varieties of Religious Experience." Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: Willjame.doc

Williamson: Decoding Advertisements
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A paper which looks in detail at Williamson's theories of advertising, with reference to the influence of Althusser and Lacan on her work, and the part played by advertising in the construction of representation. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: JLadsstrc.rtf

Wisdom According to Plato and Socrates
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This 3 page paper examines the points of view for each of these well known theorists. How wisdom is pursued is discussed. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: SA616PaS.rtf