ESSAYS -
LIST OF AVAILABLE ESSAYS ...
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The Enlightenment Idea of Progress
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This 6 page paper discusses the idea of progress as expressed by Enlightenment figures, and whether or not that can be applied to human progress since that time. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: HVEnlPro.rtf

The Enlightenment in America
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This 5 page essay argues that the Enlightenment in America still exists. The Enlightenment as it emanated from Europe is explored but its influence in the United States is the focus of the paper. No bibliography.
Filename: SA311USA.rtf

The Enlightenment, The Scientific Revolution and the Spread of Protestantism
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This 3 page paper looks at movements that were present at about the same time to compare and contrast how the Enlightenment was related to religious change and the scientific revolution as well. The three distinct movements are discussed. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: SA343enl.rtf

The Essential Elements Of David Hume's Philosophy
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5 pages in length. The essential elements of David Hume's philosophy revolve around the notion of whether or not one variable truly causes another. Combined with his conjecture on free will and determinism, Hume's theory of causal relationships address the very nature of man's religious existence. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: TLCdavdH.wps

The Ethical Argument Regarding Sexual Conversion Psychotherapy
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This is a 7 page paper discussing the ethical arguments in relation to sexual conversion psychotherapy. It is unethical to attempt to modify sexual orientation through psychotherapy due to the fact that homosexuality is not a mental illness and using therapies designed for mental illness are not only detrimental for the client but are also misrepresenting homosexuality as a mental illness. Despite the fact that the American Psychiatric Association (APA) has deemed sexual conversion therapies as unethical practice, many therapists still offer this “treatment” to clients based on their feelings that it is unethical to disregard patient wishes. However, since there is no scientific or historical treatments which have shown any success in sexual conversion therapy, psychotherapists who “treat” clients for their sexual preferences are not only unethical because they are providing therapy which they know is ineffective but they are also taking payment for failed therapy. Rather than support clients in their sexual preferences and offer counseling in regards to handling stresses and pressures from society, psychotherapists who attempt sexual conversion therapy leave their clients with lower self-esteem and self-identification issues than when they first came to the therapists because they perceive that they have failed “treatment”. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: TJsexor1.rtf

THE ETHICAL THEORIES OF CONFUCIUS AND CHUANG TZU
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This 5 page paper compares and contrasts the teachings of Confucius to Chuang Tzu. Quotes offered. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: MBtzu.rtf

The Ethical Theories of Immanuel Kant: Description, Application and Criticisms
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This is a 12 page paper discussing the ethical theories of Immanuel Kant. German philosopher Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) proposed categorical imperatives in his theories of ethics which disregarded aspects of the theories of utilitarianism and instead advocated the importance of rationality, morality and preservation of human dignity in the justification of moral decisions. In this way he ventured that individuals should act in ways in which their actions would be willed into universal law and these same actions would apply to everyone and in the vital treatment of humanity should be considered as an end in itself in actions and decisions. The justice behind Kant’s theories provide a basis for moral decision making which are still applied across many disciplines today through the promotion of human dignity and universal application. Bibliography lists 11 sources.
Filename: TJKante1.rtf

The Ethics of Authenticity
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This 5 page paper relates the central beliefs of Charles Taylor, in his book Ethics of Authenticity. Taylor provides some interesting and valid arguments regarding the nature of mankind and the substantial changes that man has gone through in modernity that have influenced views of ethics. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: MHEthAut.rtf

The Ethics of Genetic Alteration
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This 7 page paper examines ethical points of view regarding genetic alteration. Examples are provided. No position is taken. The paper outlines two different schools of thought--utilitarianism and the deontological position --and compares and contrasts these in respect to the topic. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: SA228gen.rtf

The Ethics Of Human Cloning
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A 5 page paper. There is an ongoing debate regarding the ethics of cloning. This essay presents both the benefits and dangers of cloning humans. The writer then presents an argument to support one side of the issue. 1 table is included. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: PGhumcl2.rtf