ESSAYS -
LIST OF AVAILABLE ESSAYS ...
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Kant’s formula of humanity
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A paper which looks in detail at Kant's formula of humanity, and the different ways in which ends and means should be interpreted in assessing how one should treat human beings. Bibliography lists one source
Filename: JLkant2.rtf

Kant, Nozick, and Rawls: The Implementation of Kant’s Principle that We Must Consider People as Ends and Not Just as Means of Our Actions
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A 5 page overview of Immanuel Kant and his philosophies. This paper provides an emphasis on examining the contention that we must consider people as an ends and not just as a means of our actions. The contrasting views of Nozick and Rawls in regard to the appropriate means by which Kant’s principle should be implemented are examined. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: PPkantEn.rtf

Kant/ Transcendental Deduction
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A 9 page essay that analyzes Kant's The Critique of Pure Reason, which concerns the possibilities inherent in the topic metaphysics (i.e., philosophical knowledge that transcends the parameters of sense experience). According to Kant, this sort of knowledge should be considered to be both "synthetic" and "a priori." No additional sources cited.
Filename: khkant.wps

Kant/Speculative Beginning of Human History
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A 3 page reaction paper to Immanuel Kant’s 1786 text “Speculative Beginning of Human History,” which draws on the Judeo/Christian cultural heritage to offer a nuanced and persuasive argument as to what factors served to shape the course of human history. This vision of early history pictures rationality as the basic element that caused the rise of human society and humanity formulating the concept of human beings exist above and apart from the rest of the natural world. Kant’s “history” is structured in a way that culminates in presenting an argument that supports the Kantian perspective on morality and ethics. No bibliography offered.
Filename: khkantsp.rtf

Kant/What is Moral Conduct?
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A 6 page research paper that examines the moral philosophy of Immanuel Kant. Numerous philosophers have attempted to answer the question of what constitutes moral conduct. One of the most famous philosophers to do so was Immanuel Kant (1724-1804). In his text Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, Kant outlined a complete moral philosophy that offers guidelines or "maxims" that provide a structure upon which the individual can base moral decisions. The following discussion examines the basis of Kantian morality and then compares it to the Utilitarian perspective developed by John Stuart Mill (1806-1873).
Filename: khkamimo.rtf

Kant: “Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals”
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A 9 page paper which examines Kant’s “Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals.” No additional sources cited.
Filename: RAkant3.rtf

Kant: Aesthetic Judgments Of Taste Can Claim 'Synthetic A Priori' Status
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8 pages in length. Understanding Kantian assertion that aesthetic judgments of taste can claim 'synthetic a priori' status requires one to comprehend the fundamental differences between analytic and synthetic judgments. Analytic judgments, which are those "whose predicates are wholly contained in their subjects" (Kemerling, 2001), are such because they do not stimulate or enhance subject conceptualization; rather, they are nothing more than purely explicative in nature and can be logically reasoned based upon the principle of non-contradiction. By contrast, synthetic judgments uphold predicates that are "wholly distinct from their subjects, to which they must be shown to relate because of some real connection external to the concepts themselves" (Kemerling, 2001). Therefore, the primary separation between synthetic and analytic judgments is that synthetics might be genuinely informative but at the same time obligate justification by an external principle. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: TLCprior.rtf

Kant: Good Will
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5 pages in length. The inherent value of good will - that which is not dependent upon the outcome of the action in order to justify its occurrence - is unlike any other deed a human can perform. According to Kant (1998), every other commodity, material or intangible, has an ulterior motive attached it; money and pleasure are inspired purely by self-satisfaction - either good or evil - and the outcome of some type of benefit, which equates to any value being associated only when specific conditions are present. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TLCKantGdWl.rtf

Kantian Ethics and the Utilitarian View
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This 7 page report discusses the relationship between the Kantian Ethics and the Utilitarian view advocated by thinkers such as Jeremy Bentham, J.S. Mills, and J. Rawls regarding the issue of morality and rationality. Also briefly discussed regarding the issue are Sartre and Aquinas. Kant makes a clear distinction between perceiving and thinking, which he credits to two specific capabilities of the mind, sense and understanding. This is compared to how these other philosophers viewed the true nature of utilitarianism. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: BWconcar.wps

Kantian Ethics: Is a First Trimester Abortion Ethically Permissible?
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This 5 page paper examines the ethics of abortion. Kantian ethics are explained. The answer to the question is no but the paper concludes that on a personal level, this line of thinking is impractical. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: SA820Knt.rtf