ESSAYS -
LIST OF AVAILABLE ESSAYS ...
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Berkeley and Descartes on Knowledge & Reality
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A 5 page research paper that investigates the theory of knowledge posited by Berkeley (1685-1753) and compares it with that of Locke and Descartes. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: khberdes.rtf

Berkeley's "Three Dialogues Between Hylas And Philonous": Direct Realism
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5 pages in length. Throughout most of the First Dialogue of Berkeley's "Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous," Hylas' position has two components: (R) For an ordinary physical object (such as a tree) to really exist is for it to exist external to, and independent of the mind; and (D) We immediately perceive ordinary physical objects. Sometimes this position (R + D) is called Direct Realism, a position which Philonous openly argues against. No additional sources cited.
Filename: TLCphiln.doc

Berkeley's Doctrine Of Notions
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13 pages in length. The very nature of perception is that which we, as humans, have been trained to discern as a species, inasmuch as the certain quality of perception required within the sensual world is decidedly unique to human beings. Man looks upon his world as a direct reflection of him, his values, beliefs, experiences, conditions and development. As such, the writer discusses Berkeley's doctrine of notions as they relate to spiritual perception. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: TLCBerkNo.rtf

Berkeley’s “Three Dialogues”
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A 5 page paper which examines the argument in Berkeley’s “Three Dialogues” which states that “Colours, sounds, tastes, in a word, all those termed secondary qualities, have certainly no existence without the mind.” No additional sources cited.
Filename: RAcolors.rtf

Bernard & Krieger/Knowledge & Power
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A 5 page research paper/essay that discusses Claude Bernard, nineteenth century scientist and medical pioneer, and Martin Krieger, contemporary mathematician. These men address very different subject areas in their writing; however, these two men of science share a common feature in that they both express a philosophical orientation towards how to understand the nature of knowledge, and by implication, the nature of power. While these two viewpoints are divided by time, and somewhat by subject matter, these two insightful scientists/philosopher are fundamentally in agreement in that they both present knowledge, whether it is scientific or mathematically in nature, as being only a construct of reality, rather than a representation of reality that can be thoroughly trusted. Examination of representative examples of Bernard and Krieger's work illustrates this point. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: khcbmksc.rtf

Bernard Williams' "The Makropulos Case: Reflections on the Tedium of Immortality"
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This 7 page report discusses Bernard Williams' 1972 essay regarding the idea that immortality is not a desired state of being. "The Makropulos Case" is included in Williams' essay title because it is the name of a play about 16th century woman named Elina Makropulos whose father gives her an "elixir of life." She reaches the age of 342 but her life has been reduced to a state of: "... boredom, indifference, and coldness. Everything is joyless." The report supports Williams' argument. Bibliography lists only the primary source.
Filename: BWimmort.rtf

Bernard Williams/Kant & Mill on "Jim the Botanist"
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A 5 page research paper that analyzes Bernard Williams' ethical dilemma of Jim the botanist. The writer examines the ethical question presented by Williams from the perspective of John Stuart Mill and Immanuel Kant, before offering personal observations. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: khjim.rtf

Bertrand Russell - Denotation
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Bertrand Russell - Denotation: An 8 page paper that discusses some of Russell's theories on denoting phrases. The essay includes discussions of Russell's puzzles, including the law of excluded middle. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PGrsldn.RTF

Bertrand Russell And Pragmatic Conception Of Truth: Compare/Contrast
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7 pages in length. The notion of truth, even after centuries' worth of attempts at securing incontrovertible clarity, still remains as elusive a concept as it was when Gorgias first struggled to understand its meaning. Bertrand Russell argues the only way in which one can truly know truth is by sense data - employing the senses to see and feel the image in a way that it may be interpreted by the sensor - which illustrates the means by which all things may be interpreted as already possessing truth. James and Pierce uphold the pragmatic point of view by claiming how truth is whatever one believes it to be at that very moment, a reality that can change with the wind and become entirely different than it was but a split second ago. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: TLCBertrand.rtf

Bertrand Russell on Plato's Attempts to Account For Knowledge of the Nature of Reality
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A 3 page paper which contemplates what Bertrand Russell would think of Plato's attempts to account for our knowledge of the nature of reality. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: TGruspla.wps