ESSAYS -
LIST OF AVAILABLE ESSAYS ...
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HIV Incidence/African American Teens/Threat to the Future
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A 12 page research paper that focuses on HIV infection among African American adolescents as a public health threat. In exploring the ramifications of this public health issue, this examination explores HIV transmission using the epidemiologic triad model. This information is then viewed from the standpoint of nursing theory, specifically Parse's theory of human becoming, which was chosen because it has been applied frequently within a public health/community nursing perspective. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: khaahiv.rtf

HIV Pathogenesis: Cellular and Molecular Structure
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A 10 page discussion of the impact of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus). This paper provides a description of the cellular and molecular structure of the virus which makes it such a formidable opponent to the treatment of AIDS (Auto Immune Deficiency Syndrome). Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: ppHIV.rtf

HIV Pathology, Immune Parameters, and Life Stressors
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This 19 page report discusses the fact that infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) results in a chronic lifelong infection and, most often, a significantly shortened lifespan. This report looks at the work of researchers who have documented the relationship between stress, affect, and immune response. Both stress and depression are considered components of the study known as psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) and have examined in terms of their role in HIV-AIDS. In addition, the report considers issues related to coping with HIV-AIDS, symptomology, and HIV-AIDS-related diseases. Bibliography lists 17 sources.
Filename: BWhivpat.wps

HIV Today
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A 7 page outline of the state of knowledge that exists today concerning AIDS and HIV. This paper describes the etiology of this disease, its mechanism of spread, its prevalence, and the current efforts to find a cure. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: PPaids3.rtf

HIV/AIDS
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A 4 page paper which examines several aspects of HIV/AIDS. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: RAhiv.rtf

HIV/AIDS Patients and Suicide
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This 18 page report discusses the many issues associated with suicide and people with HIV/AIDS. The disease has raised numerous issues such as access to care, prevention, cost of treatment, drug therapy and much more. Not surprisingly, it has also intensified the debate regarding right to die, physician assisted suicide, and the moral issues associated with suicide. As people are forced to live with a disease that slowly but surely robs them of all strength and any measure of personal dignity, many have made the decision not to endure that process or cause their loved ones to have to experience it with them. The impact of the loss of personal autonomy, the emotional and physical suffering, and the related care issues are presented in terms of both AIDS patients and their caregivers. Bibliography lists 11 sources.
Filename: BWsuiaid.rtf

HMO Contract Payment Options
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A 7 page paper assessing payment options. Alpha Internal Medicine Physician group (AIMPG) has agreed to become a provider organization for a local health maintenance organization (HMO). AIMPG is not financially successful at present and anticipates salvation in the form of association with the HMO. The task before it now is to determine what payment structure would be most beneficial: fee for service; bundled service; or capitation payments. The paper concludes that fee for service is the most advantageous, followed by capitation. The practice should avoid bundling. Includes one table. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: KShlthCrHMOpay.rtf

HMO Cost Control Measures
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A 4 page paper discussing some of the methods used by HMOs to control costs. Containment measures discussed include the use of member physicians; debate over the costs of preventive care; use of the “Gatekeeper;” and increasing patient copayments. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: KShmoCostCont.rtf

HMO History and Performance
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A 10 page paper tracing the history of health maintenance organizations (HMOs) and reviewing their performance over the years. HMOs' performance exceeded expectations during the decade of the 1990s, evidenced by total spending being a full $1 trillion less than expected 1993 – 2000. The health care industry has changed once again, however, and HMOs find themselves drowning in the rising costs they are unable this time to contain. Though they performed well in the past, it does appear that the time has come for another approach to delivering health care to individuals. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: KShmoHistPerf.rtf

HMO: The Truth Behind The Health Professional Vs. The Insurance Company
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10 pages in length. Because of misdirected authority, physicians do not possess the power to treat their patients with the best possible care; as such, they are forced by insurance company policies to focus more upon running smooth production rather than customer needs. By skewing the focus in this way, HMO practitioners are not meeting the most satisfactory needs of their patients. Bibliography lists 11 sources.
Filename: TLCHMOmd.wps