ESSAYS -
LIST OF AVAILABLE ESSAYS ...
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Ethical Issues in Marketing: Hospital Pricing
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An 8 page paper discussing hospital pricing decisions and the constraints under which hospitals operate primarily because of Medicare’s influence on the pricing structure of all of health care. Current practice at most public hospitals calls for billing full rates to those who obviously cannot pay (a Medicare compliance requirement), carrying the bad debt for some length of time determined by the hospital’s management and then reporting the individual’s payment history to credit reporting bureaus. Private hospitals merely refuse service to anyone without insurance. Hospitals are not at liberty to reduce prices when they are only marginally profitable, but they are free to exercise more ethical behavior toward those without a prayer of paying for emergency treatment. Most hospitals have room to become far more humanitarian than they currently are. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: KSethMktgHospPrice.rtf

Ethical Issues of Pharmaceutical Development
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This 3 page paper discusses some of the ethical issues facing the pharmaceutical industry. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: HVEthPhm.rtf

Ethical Position Paper on Advance Directives, Ethical Decision-Making and Utilitarianism
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In eight pages this customer supplied scenario considers the ethical decision-making process associated with a 91-year-old patient who is currently on a respirator after a bout with pneumonia, despite her relatives/caregivers’ wish that she be removed from the ventilator altogether because they believe there is no hope for her recovery, despite the fact the patient never expressed her end-of-life wishes and no healthcare proxy exists. Four sources are listed in the bibliography.
Filename: TGethicpos.rtf

Ethical Theories and Dr. Death
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This 4 page paper argues that the ethical theory of altruism is the best way to explain the suicides presided over by Dr. Kevorkian. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: HVKvorkn.rtf

Ethical Values in Nursing
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A 5 page paper discussing whether it is possible to teach ethics and ethical values in nursing. The answer is a resounding yes, of course. In support of that position, the paper discusses the philosophies of Kant, Mill and Rawls. While Kant and Mill (the categorical imperative and “the greater good”) provide a sound basis, the philosophy of Rawls is seen as being most directly applicable to teaching ethics in nursing. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: KSnursEthics.rtf

Ethics and Radiology
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A 3 pages research paper/essay that discusses the ethical considerations involved in the use of computed tomography (CT) scanning. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: khcteth.rtf

Ethics in a Geriatrics Case
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A 3 page research paper that discusses the ethics in a hypothetical scenario that involves an elderly incompetent woman and conflicts of interest in her family's decision-making ability and in the situation of the surgeon who says that amputation of her feet for gangrene is required to save her life. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: khganeth.rtf

Ethics in Nursing
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This 5 page report discusses how, in school, it may seem as though "ethics," fall into some clear cut areas, and we might nod a little to ourselves, thinking we have a rough handle on the types of moral decisions we might be considering during our professional lives This author suggests that another layer of parameters exists concerning elder abuse, due to our societal influence of "determined respect." The inherent societal overlay may detract us from getting accurate information. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: BWrneth.rtf

Ethics in Vision and Mission Statements
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A 3 page paper examining how hospitals can develop vision and mission statements simultaneously attractive to hospital management while having the effect of making health care mosr accessible to those who need it right away. As health care costs continue to spiral despite efforts to contain them, some hospitals have found ways to enhance the quality of health care they offer while yet holding down cost increase rates. One such organization is Hamot Medical Center in Pennsylvania. The purpose here is to advise hospitals on how they can “develop and implement a value based and mission-centered approach to providing health care.” Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: KShlthCareMissVal.rtf

Ethics of a Two-Tier Health System
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A 7 page paper discussing the ethics of a two-tier health system, using comparison of the Canadian and US systems and the principles of distributive justice and utilitarianism. The paper concludes that most insured Americans have no choice in their insurers; the uninsured simply have no choice. In terms of distributive justice, it is the welfare principle based on utilitarianism that appears to be the most workable. If health care is a right, then likely the two-tier system is the most ethical structure. Bibliography lists 6 sources in 13 footnotes.
Filename: KShlthCar2tierEth.rtf