ESSAYS -
LIST OF AVAILABLE ESSAYS ...
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The History of the “Zero”: The Influence of Geography and Culture on the Invention of the Number Zero.
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A 5 page review of the history of the manner in which the number zero came into common mathematical usage. Traces its development to Mesopotamia and through the various other regions of the world. Distinguishes between the mathematical concept and the philosophy of nothingness. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: PPzero.rtf

The History of the Pythagorean Theorem
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5 pages. An interesting research paper on the background of the Pythagorean Theorem that is used in algebra and geometry. Details the history of the theorem. This is actually a fascinating history and one that is not often discussed in the classroom. The Pythagorean Theorem was founded by a cult that actually worshipped numbers and felt that everything in the Universe was number-related. A very interesting history for a well-known math theory to say the least! Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: JApythag.rtf

The Importance of Mathematics in Early Greek Culture
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A 12 page comprehensive study of early Greek mathematicians and their cultural significance. Included in the discussion are Ptolemy, Pythagoras, Aristotle, Plato, and others. Bibliography lists 9 sources. (also related to Astronomy)
Filename: Greekmat.wps

The Life and Works of Euclid of Alexandria
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This 10 page paper gives a brief overview of the Greek mathematician, Euclid. He was the chief architect of the concept and science of geometry. Bibliography lists five sources.
Filename: Euclid.wps

The Nature of Math Assessment: Assessment Inconsistencies, Priority of Math Assessment and the Use of Authentic and International Programs
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This is a 10 page paper discussing the interpretative and inconsistent nature of math assessment and possible authentic assessment programs. Several issues relate to the inconsistent and interpretative nature of math assessment within the educational curricula today. Firstly, on a national basis, studies reveal the range in attitudes in regards to importance math assessment has in the overall educational curriculum. While math assessment is often mentioned, its importance does not seem as highly weighted as other aspects of assessment of school performance. Secondly, within the school systems themselves, teachers in mathematics vary a great deal in their teaching practices which can affect assessment; perception of their students’ abilities based on social factors and past performance; perception of the importance of national and consistent assessment; and desired learning outcomes. There are many educational assessment tools which are available. However, assessment tools vary in regards to their expense, time, and curriculum considerations which can affect whether or not the tool can be usefully applied. One of the goals of the U.S. educational system is be “the first in the world in mathematics and science achievement” and some educational programs are trying to fulfill this goal by not only developing consistent national education and assessment programs but programs which are comparative on an international scale, such as that found within the International Baccalaureate Program (IB). Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: TJmaths1.rtf

The Problems of Multicollinearity, Heteroskedasticity, Outlying and Influential Cases and Non-normally Distributed Errors When using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) Regression
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Multicollinearity, heteroskedasticity, outlying and influential cases, and non-normally distributed errors all present problems for ordinary least squares (OLS) regression. This 8 pager paper explains why each is a problem for OLS, how it can be detected and looks at steps can be taken to deal with each of them. The bibliography cites 5 sources.
Filename: TEOSLerror.rtf

The Science of Escher / Symmetry and Metaphor
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A 10 page paper that provides an overview of the elements of science in the works of Escher, with a focus on symmetry and metaphor based in his mathematical approach. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: Escher.doc

The Subjectivity of Probability Distributions and Tools for Collecting Qualitative Data
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A three page address of two specific questions. The first questions regards the usefulness of probability distributions in terms of statistical analysis. The second question asks for the delineation of three specific tools that are useful in the collection of qualitative data. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: PPresrc2.rtf

The Turing Test of Intelligence: What Does it Suggest about the Nature of Human Reasoning
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This 5 page paper provides an overivew of the Turing Test and the views of Alan Turing in regards to the nature of human reasoning. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: MHTuring.rtf

The Use and Misuse of Figures and Statistical Analysis
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This 20 page paper is written in four parts. Part one looks at a business proposal carries pout forecasts for the proposal of a new restaurant, showing how weekly, monthly and yearly forecasts can be made using excel. This section also shows the formula tables used for the projections. This section also considers the aspects which may not be including in financial proposals, such as stakeholder analysis and also the different between the flat rate and the annual percentage rate also known as the APR. The second part of the paper looks at time series data, what it is, how it can be used and presented using excel, and also the problems when using monetary time series data, explaining the difference between current and constant prices. Examples are given on this section. The third part of the paper looks at cross sectional data, what it is an how it can be used, an example is given. The example given is then analysed and the potential problems with this analysis are discussed. The last part of the paper explores correlation coefficients. Looking at what they are and how they may be used, as well as the way in which they maybe misused or misinterpreted. Examples are given to illustrate points raised. The bibliography cites 7 sources.
Filename: TEfigstat.rtf