ESSAYS -
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Education in Canada: The Need for the Separation of Church and State
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This is a 7 page paper discussing the need for the separation of church and state in the educational system in Canada. Most provinces in Canada struggle with the incorporation of church and state in the educational system. Historically, the allowance for funding to religious based school systems can be traced back before Confederation and the Constitution Act of 1867. The Act required the public funding of Roman Catholics schools in Ontario. Despite the provincial funding of public and Catholic separate schools however, funding to school systems controlled by other religions has been denied; a practice which was deemed “discriminatory” by the United Nations in 1999. Funding of separate schools varies from province to province. In addition to the fact that “financial discrimination” is being practiced and can be argued to be in violation of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, recent studies have found that more than one educational system in a province is not cost efficient and by that reasoning alone should lead to the separation of church and state within the educational system. Private educational systems have also been found to not have the same provincial standards in regards to teacher qualifications and provincial exams among other inequities. Overall then, it can be argued that based on evidence of current discrimination, the need for the protection of the strength of the public school system, discrepancies in standards, democratic rights and the need for financial efficiency, there should be a separation of church and state within the educational system in Canada. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: TJCancs1.rtf

Education Reform in Lithuania, Japan and Canada
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This is a 16 page paper on education reform in Lithuania, Japan and Canada. The paper includes an outline and summary/introduction as well. Within the last decade, the countries of Lithuania, Japan and Canada have seen a great many education reforms. While in some cases, there are similar characteristics and trends in the reforms, in other cases, the reforms are considerably different. Since its independence, Lithuanian education reform has focused a great deal on renewing the curriculum to do away with all of the Soviet ideologies, creating an educational system which is similar and competitive with the European market yet also allow for autonomy of institutions for research and education which they were denied in the Soviet era. Japanese reforms have led to a system where the teachers and students are less reliant on a standard and limited curriculum and instead has recently emphasized less stress within the educational environment, shorter school weeks and hours spent in school and more emphasis on “integrated learning” where students are taught how to learn. Within the last two decades in Canada, education reform has undergone several processes. Some of the earlier processes were similar to those within Lithuania and Japan in regards to an integrated curriculum, however many teachers felt these programs were not well supported or consistent across the territorial and provincial systems. In addition, most education “reforms” in Canada within the last decade have focused more so on cost reduction which has not only removed the teachers from the reform process but has also had little consideration for the impact of significantly reduced spending on the students and learning. Bibliography lists 16 sources.
Filename: TJedref1.rtf

Effects of Film Industry on Canadian Economy
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A 6 page paper which examines the growth and eventual leveling off of the film industry, and explanation why it needs to slow down and the effect this will have on the Canadian economy. Bibliography lists 20 sources.
Filename: Canfilm.wps

Emergency Medical Services Communication Barriers to Access for Prostitutes, Transsexuals and the Homeless Population
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This is a 6 page paper with added tutorial language discussing the emergency medical services communication barriers which exist in the special populations of prostitutes, transsexuals and homeless populations. Although various emergency and health care services are offered in Toronto and the province of Ontario, the populations of homeless people, prostitutes and transsexuals are reluctant to use these services. All three of these populations have reported harassment, and “treat ‘em and street ‘em” minimal services from emergency health care services. This adds to the reluctance to contact these services in addition to the fear of contacting official agencies because of the legal implications. Incidence of drug and alcohol abuse and underage prostitution in addition to the high degree of violence associated with prostitution lead to an obvious initial degree of reluctance to contact authorities in regards to emergency assistance. Unfortunately, these populations have a higher need of emergency services than most due to the increase risk of substance abuse, exposure to disease and in the case of transsexuals, complications due to the administration of hormones. Despite the findings from most studies, initial examination of services offered in homeless shelters in the Toronto area show that these first contact agencies do not include access to emergency and health care services. In order to improve communication to these populations first contact should perhaps be instigated through these initial services. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: TJEMSba1.rtf

Employer-Positive Aspects of the Employment Standards of British Columbia
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A 5 page paper discussing ways that increased government regulation can be of benefit to businesses in British Columbia. At first glance, the latest pass at standardizing employment practices and labor laws in British Columbia can appear to be yet another layer of governmental involvement in private enterprise. Though there are expenses in both time and money in reviewing, implementing and overseeing the progress of the results of additional legislation, there are benefits to the employer that are well worthwhile, including better planning of operations and more efficient use of financial and human resources. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: KSempStdsBC.rtf

Executive Federalism In Canada
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This 7 page paper defines federalism in terms of the difference between the United States government and the Canadian then looks at the recent political controversies arising from the specific style of federalism (known as 'executive federalism) in Canada. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: KTexcfed.wps

Factors Relating to Canadian Dental Service Utilization and Access
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This is a 10 page paper discussing factors relating to dental service utilization in Canada. While Canadians enjoy a universal health care system regulated by the Canada Health Act, dental care (except for dental surgery in hospitals) is not covered by the network of territorial and provincial health insurance plans. Because of this lack of free coverage, financial barriers are often those which prevent utilization of dental services in Canada. However, financial barriers are not the only factors preventing access to dental services. Various studies have found that dental care utilization is also affected by health and illness factors especially in the growing senior population, reluctance to seek out new dental professionals, regional access, regional and cultural beliefs regarding dentistry as preventative and not necessary care, in addition to language and cultural barriers. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: TJCdent1.rtf

Female Wage and Labor Differentials in Canada: History, Difference in Labor Markets, The Wage Gap, General Discrimination and Trends
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This is a 12 page paper discussing wage and labor differentials for women in Canada. Within Canada today, women in the labor force generally make 70 to 80 cents for every dollar men make. This “wage gap” has actually decreased greatly over the years but still has a long way to go for total equity in the work place despite positive legislation in the 1970s and 1980s. Historically, women within Canada have been “crowded” into certain female-dominated professions such as clerical positions, nursing, teaching, domestic work, social work and sales and services. While clerical work once was comparable with male blue-collar jobs in regards to pay, the increase in unionization in many blue-collar trades left most of the female-dominated positions as those which were lower paid. As women shifted away from clerical positions and proceeded to attain degrees in higher education, the wage gap began to decrease but then women encountered the “glass ceiling” in which women held a disproportionate number of positions in the lowest quartile in large corporations. Today, women still have lower average salaries than men despite the gain in higher education. One of the reasons found within studies by Statistics Canada and others is that women who choose to have and raise children lose experience during their absence; experience men continue to gain which in turn leads to more promotions. Another reason believed for the continue wage gap is discrimination which still exists within employers, co-workers and the general population somewhat who still categorize some professions as “female” (such as teaching) and some as “male” (such as the trades) and in essence this restricts female workers from opportunities within the blue collar and higher executive markets. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: TJwompd1.rtf

Fibromyalgia & Quebec Law
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A 12 page research paper that examines fibromyalgia as an occupational disease and how difficult it is to obtain workers' compensation under Canadian and Quebec law. The writer also defines the nature of the disease and gives case studies. Bibliography lists 15 sources.
Filename: khfibque.rtf

Finding Jesus at the United Church of Canada
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A 6 page research paper/essay that discusses the question: How can Christians receive the voice of Jesus speaking to them through worship in the United Church of Canada? The answers to this probing question derive from both traditional and contemporary sources. The following examination of those sources, first of all, will examine traditional sources, that is, the official statements of faith that provide the foundation of the Church. Then, the focus of the examination will turn to the various ways in which the United Church of Canada (UCC) is reaching out and endeavoring to find new ways that will stimulate thought and lead people to Christ. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: khucc.rtf