ESSAYS -
LIST OF AVAILABLE ESSAYS ...
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Malcolm X: A Comparison of the Autobiography (as told to Alex Haley) and the Film Directed by Spike Lee
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An 8 page investigation into the life of one of the most controversial black leaders of all time. This paper contends that while the film is more graphical and moving, by the nature of its cinematic format, both the film and Haley’s book provide the same overall picture of Malcolm X. The author of this paper cautions, however, that to really understand the man we must look beyond his words and, indeed, the words of those who so eagerly portray him in film and book to find more objective sources for our conclusions. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PPmalcm2.rtf

Malcolm X: Changing Societal Structure
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A 7 page overview of the life and contributions of Malcolm Little, the man who would come to be known as Malcolm X during the civil rights movement of the 1960s and 1970s. Discusses the dichotomy of societies memory of this man and the changes in that memory over time. Concludes that perhaps this change in our collective memories is simply a reflection of political correctness or perhaps it is indeed a correction of a misperception. What is obvious, however, is the fact that Malcolm X, regardless of his tactics, was instrumental in effecting change in the societal structure of our country. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPmalcmX.wps

Male and Female Slaves: Jacobs and Douglass
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A 5 page paper which illustrates the differences between how female and male slaves depict slavery. The perspective of the female comes from “Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl” by Harriet Ann Jacobs. The perspective of the male comes from “The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass” by Frederick Douglass. No additional sources cited.
Filename: RAdugjc2.rtf

Male Status within Ibo Society and Its Loss after the Arrival of the White Missionaries
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This is a 4 page paper discussing male status in Ibo society and its loss after the arrival of the white missionaries and colonization. In traditional African Ibo society there were several different circumstances and symbols which led to male status. Male status depended on age, the family unit, community position, and wealth which were all related in addition to social aspects including the number of wives, courage in warfare, and self-esteem among other factors. The Ibo society was well structured based on the status of men, and women gained their status from the men to which they were married. The introduction of the white missionaries in the Ibo communities led to a disruption of the religion and political systems which were traditionally based on the male hierarchy, democracy and consultation with the Oracles. Once these structures were taken away, lawlessness overtook the villages which led to the imposition of white governmental rule. Important Ibo status factors such as the family and community units, polygamy and male position within the village were also taken away depriving the communities of the political and social symbols which once led their cohesive society. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: TJIbost1.rtf

Mandela
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A paper which looks at the important role played by Nelson Mandela in the development of the modern South Africa, and the way in which his theories of civil rights and social justice can be applied to the political situation in other countries. Bibliography lists 3 sources
Filename: JLmande.rtf

Marcus Garvey's 'Africa For The Africans': Realistic?
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5 pages in length. To question the realistic value of Marcus Garvey's objective in 'Africa for the Africans' is to remove the last thread of cultural identity an otherwise intermingled African-American population has to its roots. The extent to which Garvey's quest to preserve Africa as the one last place on earth where blacks can truly associate with their ancestry is both grand and far-reaching; that he has received tremendous support from other outspoken prominent African-Americans speaks to the reasonable assertion that Africa should – and can – be safeguarded for its indigenous peoples. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: TLCGarveyAf.rtf

Marcus Garvey: Poet and Religious Inspiration
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A 10 page paper which examines the life of Marcus Garvey while focusing on the fact that he was a renowned poet as well as an African American leader. The paper presents a brief biography of Marcus Garvey, then presents an examination of his poems. This is followed by a section which discusses how his poetry and works helped inspire people religiously and artistically, namely through reggae music today. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: RAgarvey.wps

Marcus Garvey: The Art of Persuasion
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A 6 page paper which examines Marcus Garvey’s New York, NY speech from August 1, 1924 and discusses its focus on persuasion. The paper examines its content regarding pathos, logos, and ethos. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: RAgarvey.rtf

Mardi Gras
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A paper which looks at the New Orleans carnival, Mardi Gras, with particular reference to the influence of African culture and traditions on the festival, and the way in which both Creole and Black cultures contributed to the modern form of Mardi Gras. Bibliography lists 6 sources
Filename: JLmardi.rtf

Marjorie H. Goodwin/"Talk as Social Organization"
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A 5 page research paper that examines the research on language use by black children. Anthropologist Marjorie Goodwin, armed herself with a tape recorder, and for eighteen months, she observed a group composed of 49 African American youth, all of whom lived on Maple Street in Southwest Philadelphia. The results of fieldwork are expertly compiled in her book, He Said, She Said: Talk as Social Organization Among Black Children. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: 99goodwn.wps