ESSAYS -
LIST OF AVAILABLE ESSAYS ...
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ECOWAS AND ECOMOG
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6 pages in length. A sixteen-member assemblage whose estimated population is more than two hundred sixteen million people, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) was created in May of 1975 as a means by which to address peacekeeping in the subregion. The extent to which ECOWAS was unprecedented in many ways is illustrated by the enthusiasm it ignited to such a degree that no fewer than two heads of state formally supported adoption and subsequent ratification of the treaty by attending the Summit, the latter of which was realized in a record short period of time by all sixteen countries. Inextricably connected with ECOWAS, the Monitoring Group ECOMOG represents the components of a land, air and sea military faction established by ECOWAS as a means by which to address security problems that arose subsequent to the 1990 Republic of Liberia state structural collapse. Successful in its objective, the force re-established Liberian state structure to a functional mode. Another issue in which its involvement has been critical is that of reinstating democratic order and bringing an end to the savage civil war in the Republic of Sierra Leone, a process that began in the year 2000. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TLC_ECOWAS.rtf

EDUCATION FOR PREVENTION OF THE SPREAD OF AIDS IN NIGERIA: LITERARY REVIEW AND COMMENTARY
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This 11-page paper discusses the potential of implementing an AIDS awareness education plan in Nigeria. This focuses on a literature review about AIDS in Nigeria, leading to the idea that the right educational program might be effective in preventing the spread of AIDS. Bibliography lists 18 sources.
Filename: MTaidnig.rtf

Education In South Africa
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A Study of Resilient Schools; This 10 page paper is based on a case study provided by a student. It looks at the way in which schools in South Africa have been seen to succeed in very difficult circumstances due to a range of factors which make the school resilient to its' environment and enable it to succeed where others have failed. The paper considers these findings as well as the recommendations that accompanied the report.
Filename: TEsouafr.wps

Effects of Climate and Geography on African Migratory Patterns
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A 10 page paper discussing how Africa's climate and geography affected early migration patterns and the effects still apparent today. Africa's climate and geography have held great influence over the migration patterns of both indigenous peoples and "invading" forces from the Arab and Western worlds. The influence of each persists in the form of cultural and religious divisions today, with Islam and other Arab influence being prevalent in the north; strong European influence in South Africa; and continuing strife between indigenous peoples in the interior semiarid steppe. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: KSAfrMigra.wps

Effects Of Globalization
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A 4 page paper that begins with comments from the globalization index. The writer briefly comments on the effects of globalization on Burma, Ethiopia and Haiti and suggests the real effects on the U.S. are still debatable. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PGgl4un.RTF

Elephants, Rhinos, Kobs, Leopards And Buffalo: Communication In African Culture
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5 pages in length. While not art in the conventional sense, ancient African artifacts depict the cultural progression of its people by virtue of animal-infused masks, figures, tribal dances and trinkets that symbolized what they wanted to convey. The extent to which the buffalo (bravery and strength), leopard (authority), elephant (power and kingship, wisdom and patience), kob (abundant wildlife) and rhinoceros (leadership) reflect the five animal figures used most predominantly throughout the vast array of African culture is both grand and far-reaching; that these symbolic images were instrumental in expressing both basic and complex forms of communication speaks to the critical importance these figurative portrayals had in aiding man's need to share information. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: TLCAfrCulAnim.rtf

Emecheta/2nd Class Citizen
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A 10 page research paper that, first of all, analyzes a novel by Bushi Emecheta's novel entitled Second-Class Citizen, which was first published in 1974, and concerns the life of a Nigerian woman of the Igbo tribe. Emecheta's protagonist, Adah Obi, is pictured from childhood through early adulthood, with Emecheta charting her personal development within the Nigerian cultural framework. In this manner, Emecheta addresses not only the way that Nigerian custom relegates women to second-class citizenship, but also how this problem is compounded when her family moves to England. Examination of the novel shows that it accurately represents the real-life experiences of African women in regards to secondary status, culturally, politically, and racially. The writer proves this point by offering an extensive discussion of outside sources that discusses African women. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: kheme2nd.rtf

Ending Apartheid/Rise in Crime in So. Africa
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A 6 page research paper that examines the causes behind the upsurge in crime in South African since the ending of Apartheid. The factors under debate in South Africa regarding the crime rate concern what circumstances predicated this surge. Many whites blame the black majority governments of Nelson Mandela and Thabo Mbeki. Others point to the lingering legacy of Apartheid policies. The writer concludes that the latter group is correct. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: khcrinsa.wps

Environmental Challenges and Responses in Mozambique
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This is a 6 page paper discussing the environmental challenges and the government response in Mozambique. The civil war which erupted in Mozambique in 1975 was considered one of the main factors which led to the devastation of the environment within the country. Not only did the civil war have a direct impact on the wildlife in regards to food and revenue for the rebels but the war also led to a massive migration of farmers and communities from the agricultural hinterland to the coastal urban regions. This migration led to urban sprawl and consequently pollution and depletion of the fishing resources, coastal erosion and deforestation. In the land that was left behind, the agricultural crops were abandoned which led to increased desertification. In addition to the impact of the civil war, southern Mozambique had undergone a series of droughts and floods in the 1980s and early 1990s which further devastated the land. Fortunately, within the last seven years, the government of Mozambique with the assistance of international aid has established several initiatives which take into account the wildlife in the hinterland as well as the coastal regions, the reclamation of agricultural land through the clearing and cleaning of the irrigation systems, and spatial planning in the urban areas in which coastal erosion and deforestation is addressed in urban development among many other programs. Bibliography lists 12 sources.
Filename: TJMozam1.rtf

Epics of Africa: 5 pages in length
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This model paper discusses two books, Sundiata: An Epic of Old Mali, by D. T. Niane as well as Kemet, Afrocentricity and Knowledge, by Molefi Kete Asante. Both books give an interesting insight to the beliefs and culture of Africa, as well as serve to introduce the reader to a side of Africa they may never have envisioned before. By making the reader aware that other cultures have the same myths, beliefs, goals and problems help give these other cultures real faces, and populate them with real people, rather than just text in a geography book. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: JGAomali.wps